Authored by 
Reviewed by Although not considered a first-line treatment, buspirone (BuSpar) is widely prescribed due to its efficacy in treating anxiety disorders.
So far, clinical studies have proven buspirone’s favorable tolerance profile, showing minimal risk of abuse and significantly improving symptoms in 54% of patients treated for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
However, with a 13-point increase in anxiety disorders in the U.S. over the past four years, exploring Buspirone alternatives is an important step that broadens the range of treatment options for anxiety and related conditions. Continue reading to learn about BuSpar alternatives, gain insights into their mechanisms of action, and learn about their clinical uses.
Table Of Contents:
BuSpar Overview
While we refer to โBuSparโ in some sections of this article, itโs important to know that this specific brand is no longer on the market.
Buspirone is a prescription-only non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic approved by the FDA for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and certain short-term symptoms of anxiety. Unlike benzodiazepines, buspirone offers a unique approach to managing anxiety without the high risk of dependence.
Although the buspirone mechanism of action is still poorly understood, it is believed to exert its effects through interactions with dopamine and serotonin receptors. It is available as a tablet and typically prescribed in doses between 15mg and 60mg daily.
Buspirone Uses
While Buspirone is mainly prescribed for generalized anxiety disorder, there is evidence suggesting its potential usefulness in a range of other neurological and psychiatric conditions. These include:
- Reducing side effects associated with Parkinson’s disease treatment
- Managing ataxia
- Abstinence from cigarette smoking
- Treatment of substance dependence (marijuana/cocaine) and managing withdrawal symptoms
- Easing social phobia
- Mitigating behavioral issues post-brain injury
- Addressing symptoms related to Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and attention deficit disorders
Buspirone Alternatives: BuSpar Similar Drugs
While buspirone is an effective treatment for anxiety, it’s not the only option available in the market.
Sometimes, due to drug intolerance, patients and doctors seek alternatives to buspirone that can provide similar anxiolytic effects. While not precisely BuSpar equivalents, many medications with similar anti-anxiety therapeutic benefits may be effective for you.
Below, we explore some common alternatives to BuSpar:
Buspirone vs Bupropion
Buspirone (BuSpar) and bupropion (Wellbutrin) are both medications for the treatment of mental health conditions, but they have different indications, mechanisms of action, and side effect profiles.
Check the following chart for BuSpar vs Wellbutrin comparison:
| Feature | Buspirone (BuSpar) | Bupropion (Wellbutrin) |
|---|---|---|
| FDA-Approved Uses | Anxiety disorders | Depression, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), smoking cessation |
| Off-Label Uses | Anxiety, adjunctive for depression | Bipolar depression, ADHD, sexual dysfunction |
| Mechanism of Action | Interacts with serotonin and dopamine receptors | Inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine |
| Time to Effect | 2-4 weeks | 2 weeks for initial effects, up to 6-8 weeks for full effects |
| Cost | Around $12 for thirty Buspirone 15 mg tablets | Around $17 for 30 extended-release tablets (150 mg, for the generic version) |
| Common Side Effects | Dizziness, headaches, nausea | Insomnia, dry mouth, seizures (at higher doses) |
| Risk of Dependence | Low | Low but higher seizure risk |
| Contraindications | Liver or kidney impairment, concurrent use of MAO inhibitors, hypersensitivity to buspirone | Seizure disorder, eating disorders, abrupt discontinuation of alcohol or sedatives |
Choosing between buspirone vs Wellbutrin involves considering the patient’s specific symptoms, treatment goals and overall health profile.
Take into consideration that:
- Buspirone is particularly suitable for short-term anxiety management (1-year max)
- Buspirone has a gradual onset of action. It may not be ideal for acute anxiety episodes.
- Bupropion use can exacerbate anxiety symptoms.
- Bupropion is effective for co-occurring disorders (depression/anxiety or depression/smoking).
- Bupropion is contraindicated in individuals with a history of seizures.
- Wellbutrin side effects may be more significant than Buspirone.
Buspirone vs Lexapro
Buspirone is particularly suited for anxiety management without the risk of dependence or sedation.
Lexapro, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is effective for anxiety and depression, making it a versatile option. Still, it comes with potential Lexapro side effects like sexual dysfunction and weight gain.
Letโs review them in depth:
| Feature | Buspirone (BuSpar) | Lexapro (Escitalopram) |
|---|---|---|
| FDA-Approved Uses | Anxiety disorders | Major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) |
| Off-Label Uses | Anxiety, adjunctive for depression | Panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
| Mechanism of Action | Interacts with serotonin and dopamine receptors | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) increases serotonin levels |
| Time to Effect | 2-4 weeks | 1-4 weeks, with full effects typically seen in 6-8 weeks |
| Cost | Around $12 for thirty 15 mg tablets | Around $16 for thirty 20 mg tablets (for the generic version) |
| Common Side Effects | Dizziness, headaches, nausea | Nausea, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, weight gain |
| Risk of Dependence | Low | It can be psychologically addictive after long-term use |
| Contraindications | Concurrent use of MAO inhibitors, liver or kidney impairment, known hypersensitivity to buspirone | Concurrent use of MAO inhibitors, known hypersensitivity to escitalopram |
When choosing between Lexapro vs buSpar, consider the following:
- SSRIs, including Lexapro, are the first-line treatment for pediatric and geriatric patients with GAD.
- Lexapro has the added benefit of treating co-occurring depression during long-term use.
- Lexapro can cause drug-induced liver injury and hepatitis.
- Buspirone is a good alternative for patients with liver or heart problems.
- Lexapro is an SSRI that is effective for both anxiety and depression.
- Lexapro and Buspirone side effects are similar.
Buspirone vs Zoloft
Both buspirone and Zoloft are effective treatments for anxiety, but they belong to different drug classes and have distinct advantages. Zoloft’s broad-spectrum efficacy in treating multiple anxiety disorders and depression makes it a valuable long-term treatment option.
Check the chart for the BuSpar vs Zoloft comparison:
| Feature | Buspirone (BuSpar) | Zoloft (Sertraline) |
|---|---|---|
| FDA-Approved Uses | Anxiety disorders | Major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder |
| Off-Label Uses | Anxiety, adjunctive for depression | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), eating disorders, chronic pain conditions |
| Mechanism of Action | Interacts with serotonin and dopamine receptors | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) increases serotonin levels |
| Time to Effect | 2-4 weeks | 1-4 weeks, with full effects typically seen in 6-8 weeks |
| Cost | Around $12 for thirty 15 mg tablets | Around $10 for fifteen 100 mg tablets (for the generic version) |
| Common Side Effects | Dizziness, headaches, nausea | Nausea, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, diarrhea, dry mouth, Zoloft weight gain, increased sweating |
| Risk of Dependence | Low | Probable after long-term use |
| Contraindications | Concurrent use of MAO inhibitors, liver or kidney impairment, known hypersensitivity to buspirone | Concurrent use of MAO inhibitors, known hypersensitivity to sertraline |
Choosing between Zoloft vs BuSpar depends on your individual needs and medical history. It’s important to consult with your doctor to determine the best course of treatment for you.
Take into consideration that:
- Both medications can be effective for anxiety treatment.
- Zoloft falls under Pregnancy Category C, indicating it potentially carries more risks to a fetus.
- Zoloft side effects can be more severe than Buspirone (i.e., suicidal ideation)
- Zoloft may take 2-3 months to reach full effect.
- SSRIs like Zoloft have a low risk of addiction, but suddenly stopping can lead to withdrawal symptoms.
Buspirone vs Xanax
Both Buspirone (BuSpar) and Xanax (Alprazolam) are effective treatments for anxiety, but they belong to different drug classes and have distinct safety profiles.
Is Buspirone the same as Xanax?
No, they are considered different medications. Buspirone is a non-habit forming anxiolytic medication. Due to Buspirone’s low risk of dependence, it is a safer option for patients with a substance abuse history. Xanax is a benzodiazepine with a high potential for dependency and causing serious Xanax side effects. Itโs not recommended for long-term use.
Buspirone works by interacting with brain chemicals like serotonin, while Xanax enhances the calming effects of GABA. Buspirone is primarily used for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and takes weeks to show full effect, while Xanax can be used for GAD, panic attacks and immediate anxiety relief.
Letโs review them in depth:
| Feature | Buspirone (BuSpar) | Xanax (Alprazolam) |
|---|---|---|
| FDA-Approved Uses | Anxiety disorders | Anxiety disorders, Panic disorder |
| Off-Label Uses | Anxiety, adjunctive for depression | Insomnia, alcohol withdrawal syndrome |
| Mechanism of Action | Interacts with serotonin and dopamine receptors | Enhances the effect of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) |
| Time to Effect | 2-4 weeks | Within 30 minutes and last for about 6 hours |
| Cost | Around $12 for thirty 15 mg tablets | Around $11 for six 0.5 mg tablets (for the generic version) |
| Common Side Effects | Dizziness, headaches, nausea | Drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue |
| Risk of Dependence | Low | High |
| Contraindications | Concurrent use of MAO inhibitors, liver or kidney impairment, known hypersensitivity to buspirone | Severe respiratory insufficiency, acute narrow-angle glaucoma, concurrent use with ketoconazole or itraconazole |
Other Alternatives to Buspirone
If you need another buspirone alternative due to side effects, lack of efficacy or personal preference, you can consult with your doctor about your options and make the best decision for you.
Some other drugs similar to Buspar are:
Other SSRIs and SNRIs
Other SSRIs like Prozac (fluoxetine) and SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) like Effexor (venlafaxine) can also serve as alternatives to buspirone. These medications function by altering neurotransmitter levels to improve mood and reduce anxiety.
Non-Benzodiazepine Anxiolytics
Other non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics, such as hydroxyzine, can be considered. Hydroxyzine is an antihistamine with sedative properties used for short-term anxiety relief.
Beta-Blockers
Beta-blockers like propranolol are sometimes used off-label to manage the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as rapid heartbeat and trembling. They are particularly useful for situational anxiety, such as performance anxiety.
Herbal Alternatives
Herbal remedies offer natural alternatives for anxiety and related conditions. Some options include kava kava for calming effects similar to benzodiazepines without the risk of dependence, though it should be used under supervision due to potential liver toxicity.
Valerian root and chamomile have sedative properties that can help with anxiety and insomnia. However, be cautious of allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to related plants like ragweed.
Buspirone Alternatives โ Bottom Line
While Buspirone is a valuable treatment for anxiety, you may want to explore different alternatives. Fortunately, the market offers from SSRIs and benzodiazepines to atypical antidepressants to anxiolytics that will adjust to your health condition.
Always follow your doctor’s guidance before switching medications to prevent withdrawal symptoms or severe side effects. Keep in mind that while Buspirone has a minimal risk of addiction, it’s still possible to misuse it, mainly because it’s associated with weight loss. Patients experiencing addiction should seek immediate help from addiction treatment and rehab centers.
People Also Ask
Is BuSpar addictive?
No, BuSpar (buspirone) is not considered addictive and has a low risk of dependence compared to benzodiazepines.
Can you take BuSpar and Xanax in the same day?
Yes, you can take BuSpar (buspirone) and Xanax (alprazolam) on the same day. They can be used together safely, and buspirone can be started early during the alprazolam tapering process.
Is buspirone wellbutrin?
No, buspirone is not Wellbutrin. Wellbutrin is the brand name for bupropion, which is used primarily as an antidepressant and for smoking cessation.
Hope Without Commitment
Find the best treatment options. Call our free and confidential helpline
Most private insurances accepted
Page Sources
- Rabatin, J., & Keltz, L. B. (2002). Straight to the Point: Generalized anxiety and panic disorder. The Western Journal of Medicine, 176(3), 164-168. https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.176.3.164
- Topic: Anxiety in the U.S. (2024, January 8). Statista. https://www.statista.com/topics/5223/anxiety-in-the-us/#topicOverview
- Determination that BUSPAR (Buspirone hydrochloride) tablets, 10 milligrams, 15 milligrams, and 30 milligrams, were not withdrawn from sale for reasons of safety or effectiveness. (2010, October 19). Federal Register. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2010/10/19/2010-26214/determination-that-buspar-buspirone-hydrochloride-tablets-10-milligrams-15-milligrams-and-30
- Wilson, T. K., & Tripp, J. (2023, January 17). Buspirone. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531477/
- Mello, N. K., Fivel, P. A., & Kohut, S. J. (2013). Effects of Chronic Buspirone Treatment on Nicotine and Concurrent Nicotine Cocaine Self-Administration. Neuropsychopharmacology, 38(7), 1264-1275. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2013.25
- Du, Y., Li, Q., Dou, Y., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Yan, Y., Fan, H., Yang, X., & Ma, X. (2024). Side effects and cognitive benefits of buspirone: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon, 10(7), e28918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28918
- Patel, K., Allen, S., Haque, M. N., Angelescu, I., Baumeister, D., & Tracy, D. K. (2016). Bupropion: A systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness as an antidepressant. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, 6(2), 99-144. https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125316629071
- Saghafi, R., Brown, C., Butters, M. A., Cyranowski, J., Dew, M. A., Frank, E., Gildengers, A., Karp, J. F., Lenze, E. J., Lotrich, F., Martire, L., Mazumdar, S., Miller, M. D., Mulsant, B. H., Weber, E., Whyte, E., Morse, J., Stack, J., Houck, P. R., Bensasi, S. (2007). Predicting 6-week treatment response to escitalopram pharmacotherapy in late-life major depressive disorder. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(11), 1141. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1804
- Strawn, J. R., Geracioti, L., Rajdev, N., Clemenza, K., & Levine, A. (2018). Pharmacotherapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Adults and Pediatric Patients: An Evidence-Based Treatment Review. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 19(10), 1057. https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2018.1491966
- Singh, H. K., & Saadabadi, A. (2023, February 13). Sertraline. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547689/
- OโConnor, E., Senger, C. A., Henninger, M., Gaynes, B. N., Coppola, E., & Weyrich, M. S. (2019, February 1). Antidepressant and FDA pregnancy categories. Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537817/
- George, T. T., & Tripp, J. (2023, April 24). Alprazolam. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538165/
- Concurrent use of buspirone in anxious patients during withdrawal from alprazolam therapy. (1990, September 1). PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2211568/#:~:text=Buspirone%20and%20alprazolam%20may%20be,in%20the%20alprazolam%20tapering%20process.