Pornography Addiction − Signs, Causes and Treatment Options

Sex is a natural and instinctual expression of human biology, serving for reproduction and pleasure. When engaged consensually, it can offer several physical health and mental benefits.

When this sexual drive becomes compulsive and out of control, it is a sign of dysfunctional behavior such as hypersexual disorder and sex and masturbation addictions, which can be driven by pornography consumption. These sexually explicit resources have become so increasingly popular over time that a famous pornography website reported an estimated 39 billion searches and 42 billion visits in 2019.

As these numbers can signal a widespread pornography addiction, continue reading to learn about this addiction, its medical manifestations, health risks, and treatment options.

Table Of Contents:

• What is Porn Addiction?
• Why Pornography Can Be Addictive?
• Signs and Symptoms of Pornography Addiction
• Health Risks of Pornography Addiction
• Pornography Addiction Treatment
• Pornography Addiction – Key Takeaways
• People Also Ask

What is Porn Addiction?

Pornography is written, visual or spoken material that displays or describes sexual acts or the genitals to arouse the viewer.

Porn addiction definition is that it is a behavioral addiction characterized by excessive and uncontrollable consumption of these pornographic materials despite its negative consequences, which is fueled by the rise of the internet and smartphones. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) has yet to recognize pornography addiction as such officially.

Why Pornography Can Be Addictive?

Behavioral addictions, such as porn addiction, share similarities with substance addictions as both types of addiction involve the dysregulation of the brain’s reward system, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms and underlying psychological factors.

As porn consumption can potentially change an individual’s habits, going from a pleasurable moment to an obligation, behavioral science experts consider it an addiction. Pornography can be addictive for several reasons:

“Triple A” Influence—Accessibility, Affordability and Anonymity

The rise of porn addiction can be explained based on the “triple A” concept, particularly online porn.

• Online porn is accessible readily accessible at any time and from anywhere
• Porn is highly affordable as it’s often free or low-cost
• Individuals can be anonymous on the internet, free to enjoy porn without fear of judgment

Instant Gratification

Watching pornography triggers the brain’s reward system to release dopamine, a feel-good hormone. This hormone release offers immediate gratification without the need for emotional intimacy. This quick brain reward can reinforce the porn addiction.

Novelty and Variety

It’s considered normal when young people have their first sexual exposure watching porn. However, it may lead to unrealistic sexual expectations and loss of control over porn consumption.

Also, when an individual requires more stimulation to achieve arousal, porn’s diverse content may lead to seeking out extreme or taboo material to keep arousal. These sex behaviors may be encouraged or motivated by peers or society standards, particularly in young men.

Escapism/ Underlying Psychological Factors

When porn consumption gets out of control, it may be a consequence of underlying issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Online pornography, especially among men, is comorbid with other mental disorders like compulsive sexual behavior and may serve as a stress-coping mechanism to regulate mood and relief from symptoms.

Signs and Symptoms of Pornography Addiction

Most behavioral addictions, except gambling disorders, lack diagnostic criteria or standardized medical signs. The most apparent symptom is how the behavior is associated with distress and impairment in leading a functional life.

The signs of porn addiction are as follows:

• Difficulty resisting urges to watch porn, even for a day

• Increased frequency of porn consumption
• Unsuccessful attempts to cut down
• Spending excessive time viewing porn beyond a reasonable time
• Obsessive preoccupation with porn
• Neglecting responsibilities, work and self-care for porn use
• Low mood, depression, decreased self-esteem, decreased appetite
• Continued porn use despite negative consequences
• Diminished effects or need for more extreme content
• Forgoing social or recreational activities for porn
• Distress, anxiety, irritability when unable to access porn

Health Risks of Pornography Addiction

Similar to substance dependence, porn addiction can pose health risks to the user. This is particularly important since research has shown activation of the same brain circuitry in cocaine users when they were demonstrated drug-related visual images and then erotic images.

This evidence may suggest porn addicts will engage in risky behaviors for arousal and climax. The health risks of porn addiction may be:

• Repeated exposure to sexual stimuli can desensitize the brain’s reward system
• Pornography can interfere with the normal processing of sexual cues and arousal
• Withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, fatigue, insomnia and low mood
• Strained relationships and decreased intimacy
• Erectile dysfunction and decreased libido
• Unrealistic sexual expectations
• Social awkwardness, inability to concentrate at work
• Decreased family interaction
• Skin irritation from compulsive masturbation
• Legal issues from potential cybercrimes such as cyberstalking and pedophilia

Pornography Addiction Treatment

Porn addiction can be addressed by following an integrated treatment plan to approach the underlying causes and the addiction itself.

The treatment options are:

Counseling Sessions

Counseling sessions, which could be individual or group, are beneficial in determining the underlying causes of addiction and guiding the patient toward recovery.

Therapy

Among the therapy options available:

Psychotherapy

Trained professional helps patients understand their relationship with pornography to identify the triggers such as past experiences, emotional triggers or unresolved issues.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

CBT offers a structured and goal-oriented therapy that focuses on changing patterns of thinking and behavior regarding pornography and sex, along with learning practical skills to manage triggers, cope with cravings and develop healthier coping strategies.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

ACT encourages individuals to discern their cravings and urges without judgment while also fostering acceptance of discomfort or distress that may happen in the process to reduce the power of cravings.

Medication

Medication such as antidepressants, anxiety medication, antipsychotics, or naltrexone may help in the treatment of porn addiction, particularly when individuals experience co-occurring mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Naltrexone for porn addiction may help reduce cravings and compulsive behaviors associated with pornography use by blocking the brain’s opioid receptors, which are involved in the reward system.

Support Groups

In support groups, members share experiences, provide empathy, and offer practical tips for coping. Peer support motivates recovery, while social connections reduce isolation. Long-term support ensures ongoing encouragement and prevention of relapse.

Pornography Addiction – Key Takeaways

Porn addiction has multifaceted nature, with biological, psychological and social elements to account for. Much like substance addiction, it disrupts the brain’s reward system, leading to compulsive porn use.

As this addiction can have mental health repercussions, such as depression and distorted views of sexuality, individuals must seek professional help to avoid losing relationships and overall health. Therapy, medication, and support groups empower individuals on their recovery journey and long-lasting change.

People Also Ask

Why is porn so addictive?

Porn can be addictive due to its instant gratification, novelty and ability to stimulate the brain’s reward system. The easy access and variety intensify this effect, leading to compulsive consumption and potential negative impacts on mental health and relationships.

Is porn a drug?

Pornography isn’t a drug in the traditional sense, but it can trigger similar brain responses to drugs, such as the release of dopamine associated with pleasure. This can lead to compulsive use in some individuals, similar to addiction. However, not everyone who views porn will develop an addiction, and its effects can vary widely.

How can I tell if I am watching too much porn?

You may be watching too much porn if it interferes with daily life, causes distress or guilt, affects relationships negatively or leads to compulsive behavior and inability to control usage despite adverse consequences.

How can I overcome my porn addiction?

Overcoming porn addiction requires first accepting the problem, then seeking support from loved ones or professionals, setting boundaries, finding healthy distractions and addressing underlying emotional or psychological factors through therapy or counseling.

Page Sources

1. Tan, S. A., Li Ng, S. H., Yun Hoo, J. J., Gan, S. W., Nainee, S., Yap, C. C., Lee, L. K., Zaharim, N. M., & Goh, Y. S. (2022). The pornography use and its addiction among emerging adults in Malaysia: Perceived realism as a mediator. PLOS ONE, 17(5), e0268724. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268724
2. Jha, A., & Banerjee, D. (2022). Neurobiology of Sex and Pornography Addictions: A Primer. Journal of Psychosexual Health. https://doi.org/10.1177/26318318221116042
3. Alavi, S. S., Ferdosi, M., Jannatifard, F., Eslami, M., Alaghemandan, H., & Setare, M. (2012). Behavioral Addiction versus Substance Addiction: Correspondence of Psychiatric and Psychological Views. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 3(4), 290-294. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354400/
4. Casado, N. M., & Montejo, A. L. (2019). Online Porn Addiction: What We Know and What We Don’t—A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8010091
5. Harvard. (2021, February 4). Dopamine, Smartphones & You: A battle for your time - Science in the News. Science in the News. https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/dopamine-smartphones-battle-time/
6. Wesche, R., Kreager, D. A., Feinberg, M. E., & Lefkowitz, E. S. (2019). Peer Acceptance and Sexual Behaviors from Adolescence to Young Adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(5), 996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-00991-7
7. Privara, M., & Bob, P. (2023). Pornography Consumption and Cognitive-Affective Distress. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 211(8), 641-646. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001669
8. Qadri, H. M., Waheed, A., Munawar, A., Saeed, H., Abdullah, S., Munawar, T., Luqman, S., Saffi, J., Ahmad, A., & Babar, M. S. (2023). Physiological, Psychosocial and Substance Abuse Effects of Pornography Addiction: A Narrative Review. Cureus, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33703